stationery可数吗(stationery是可数的还是不可数的)

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Hello, everyone. And welcome back to English With Lucy.

大家好。欢迎回到跟着 Lucy 学英语。

Today I am going to teach you how to correctly use 10 pairs of really confusing words.

今天我要教你如何正确使用10对令人困惑的单词。

These are words that both learners of English and seasoned speakers of English get wrong, words like luggage and baggage.

这些是英语学习者和经验丰富的英语使用者会搞错的词，例如 luggage 和 baggage。

They mean the same thing, but we use them in different ways sometimes.

它们的意义相同，但是有时我们会以不同的方式使用它们。

What about stationary and stationary?

那 stationary 和 stationary 呢？

Pronounced in the same way, but again, different uses.

发音相同，但用法不同。

What is the difference between complicated and complex?

Complicated 和 complex 有什么区别？

Is there a difference?

有区别吗？

And how should we use beside or besides?

我们该如何使用 beside 或 besides？

All of this will be covered in this lesson.

所有这些都将在本课程中介绍。

Before we get started, I would like to thank the sponsor of todays video, it is Skillshare, which is an online learning community with thousands of inspiring classes for lifelong learners.

在开始之前，我要在此感谢今天视频的赞助商，那就是Skillshare，它是一个在线学习社区，为成千上万的学习者提供数千个鼓舞人心的课程。

There are so many classes to choose from, from creative writing to design, to business, to marketing.

有很多课程可供选择，从创意写作到设计，再到业务再到营销。

I have recently joined the houseplant bandwagon and there is the perfect course for that.

我最近加入了室内植物潮流课，上课体验非常完美。

Its called Plants at Home: Uplift Your Spirit & Your Space by Christopher Gryphon.

课程名叫《家中的植物：提升您的精神和空间》，老师是克里斯托弗·格里芬。

Skillshare is curated specifically for learning, meaning there are no ads and they are always launching new premium classes.

Skillshare 是专门为学习而策划的，这意味着没有广告，而且它们总是在投放新的高级课程。

Its less than $10 per month with an annual subscription.

年费平摊到每月不到$ 10。

The first 1000 of my students to click on the link in the description box will get a free trial of premium Skillshare membership.

我的前1000名点击描述栏中链接的学生将获得免费试用Skillshare 高级会员的资格。

What are you waiting for?

你在等什么？

Lets get started with the lesson.

让我们开始上课吧。

Ah, important.

啊，还有件重要的事情。

I nearly always forget to say this, but I have created a free PDF for this entire lesson.

我几乎总是忘记说这句话，我为这节课创建了一个免费的PDF。

Its got all of the vocabulary, the pronunciation, the explanations, and the examples.

它包含了所有的词汇，发音，说明，和例句。

If you would like to download that PDF for free, click on the link in the description box.

如果你想免费下载该 PDF，请点击描述栏中的链接。

You enter your email address, sign up to our mailing list and it will be sent directly to your inbox.

你要输入你的电子邮件地址，注册到我们的邮件列表，它将直接发送到你的收件箱。

There is also a quiz in the PDF, which I think you will really like.

PDF 中还有一个测验，我想你会很喜欢。

Number one, luggage or baggage.

第一对，luggage 还是 baggage。

Luggage or baggage.

Luggage 还是 baggage。

So luggage and baggage are quite unusual because they are near perfect synonyms of each other.

所以 luggage 和 baggage 很不寻常，因为它们是彼此接近完美的同义词。

Both of them mean suitcases or other bags in which to pack your personal belongings for travel.

两者均指行李箱或其他装有你个人旅行物品的箱包。

"Check in your luggage at the desk."

在柜台托运你的行李。

"Pick up your baggage from the carousel."

从传送带上取出你的行李。

They mean the same thing, however, baggage has several additional meanings, which luggage does not have.

它们的意思是一样的，但是，baggage 有几个luggage 没有的其他含义。

There is also a slight preference of baggage in American English and luggage in British English.

而且美式英语略偏爱使用 baggage，而英式英语略偏爱使用 luggage。

But this is not enormous.

但这种倾向这不是很明显。

We use both.

我们两者都使用。

Baggage can be used to describe things that make progress or freedom more difficult.

Baggage 可以用来形容让进步或自由变得更困难的事物。

So its kind of saying that youre carrying around a virtual suitcase with you.

因此，这可以说是你随身携带了一个虚拟手提箱。

Its much harder to go through life carrying a huge burden, for example, emotional baggage.

背负着沉重负担的生活要艰苦得多，比如感情负担。

If somebody has a lot of emotional issues that theyre carrying around with them, that prevents progress or impedes them.

如果某人有很多情感问题，那么这会阻止前进或阻碍前进。

An example, "I love him, but I dont think it will work.

例如，我爱他，但我认为这无济于事。

He has too much baggage."

他的负担太多了。

This baggage could mean lots of things.

这里的负担可能意味着很多事情。

It could mean maybe he has children, maybe he has a difficult ex-partner.

这可能意味着他有孩子，也许他有一个难缠的前任。

You can use your imagination for that one.

你可以发挥自己的想象力。

We can not use luggage for this.

我们不能用 luggage 来表示这个意思。

Its only baggage in this case.

在这种情况下，只能用 baggage。

If I say "He sounds perfect.

如果我说他听起来很完美。

Does he have any baggage?"

他有什么负担吗？

Im not asking if he has any suitcases.

我不是问他是否有手提箱。

Im asking if he has anything negative, anything hes carrying with him.

我是在问他是否有负面的东西，有什么背负的东西。

Number two, we have stationary and stationery, both pronounced in the same way, but spelled differently.

第二，我们有 stationary 和 stationery，两者发音相同，但拼写不一样。

We have stationary with A-R-Y, which means to not be moving or not intended to be moved.

以 ARY 结尾的 stationary 的意思是不能移动的。

And we have stationary with E-R-Y, which means office supplies basically, files, pencils, envelopes, paper, uncountable noun.

而以 ERY 结尾的 stationery 的意思基本上是办公用品，文件，铅笔，信封，纸张，不可数名词。

Have a look at these sentences.

请看这些句子。

When you hear them, you can only tell the difference through context because stationery E-R-Y is a noun and stationary A-R-Y is an adjective.

当你听到它们的时候，你只能通过上下文区分它们，因为 stationery 是一个名词，而 stationary 是一个形容词。

When you see them written down, its more clear.

当你看到它们写下来时，就会更加清楚。

The van that was carrying the office stationery crashed into a stationary vehicle.

载有办公用品的货车撞上了一辆静止的车辆。

Or, "You remain stationary and Ill go and pick up the stationery."

或者，你别动，我去拿文具。

Number three, we have desert and dessert.

第三对，我们有沙漠和甜点。

So they only differ in one extra S in dessert, but the pronunciation is different.

因此，它们唯一的差别就是甜点中仅多了一个S，但发音不同。

The stress is on a different syllable in each—desert, dessert.

每个单词的重音音节不同——沙漠，甜点。

Desert, dessert.

沙漠，甜点。

A desert is a large area of land thats very dry and has no water because its dry and very few plants.

沙漠指的是一片非常干燥且没有水的陆地，因为它很干燥，植物很少。

A dessert is a sweet food eaten typically at the end of a meal.

甜点是通常在饭后吃的甜食。

Okay, which spellings am I referring to in these two separate sentences?

好吧，在这两个单独的句子中我指的是哪种拼写呢？

Number one, have you ever licked a desert?

第一句，你曾经舔过沙漠吗？

And number two, this desert is dry.

第二句，这片沙漠是干燥的。好的。

Okay. I was just trying to confuse you then.

我刚才只是在努力迷惑你。

The first one is desert, as in a dry place.

第一个是沙漠，即干燥的地方。

Have you ever licked a dry place, a desert?

你有没有舔过干燥的地方，沙漠？

And this dessert pudding, sweet food is dry.

而这个甜点布丁，甜的食物是干的。

Thats valid.

没问题。

A dessert could be very dry.

甜点可能很干。

Give yourself a pat on the back if youve gotten that right.

如果你回答正确，请轻拍一下自己的背部。

Number four, we have beside and besides.

第四，我们有 beside 和 besides。

So beside is a preposition, meaning next to something.

所以旁边是介词，意思是紧挨着某物。

I sat beside him all night long.

我整夜坐在他旁边。

And besides can be both a preposition and an adverb as well.

而除了既可以是介词，又可以是副词。

The preposition means in addition to, or apart from.

介词是......之外的意思。

An example, "We have lots of things in common besides football," apart from football, in addition to football.

例如，除了足球以外，我们还有很多其他共同点。

Besides as an adverb is used for making an extra comment, which adds to what you have just said.

副词 besides 被用来做额外的评论，用来补充你刚刚说的话。

An example, "I dont want to go to the concert.

例如，我不想去听音乐会。

Besides, Ive lost my ticket."

此外，我丢了票。

That extra comment adds to what I had previously said.

这个额外的评论补充了我之前所说的内容。

Number five, we have capitol and capital, pronounced in the same way, but with different spellings.

第五对，我们有国会大厦和首都，发音相同，但拼写不同。

So capital with A-L means the most important city in a region or country.

因此，以 AL 结尾的首都意味着某地区或国家/地区中最重要的城市。

For example, London is the capital of England.

例如，伦敦是英国的首都。

Capitol O-L is a building in each US state.

而以 OL 结尾的国会大厦是美国每个州都有的建筑物。

And I think theres one called the Capitol in Washington as well, which is more specific, where politicians meet to work on new laws.

我认为在华盛顿也有一个叫做国会大厦的地方，这个更特殊一些，是政界人士会见并制定新法律的地方。

So you can see how they could be confused.

所以你可以看到它们可能会被混淆。

An example, "They met in the Capitol to discuss the new legislations."

例如，他们在国会开会，讨论新法规。

Capitol O-L could be confused for the capital city.

以 OL 结尾的国会可能跟首都那个词搞混。

You just have to see it written down, or you need to know the context.

你只是需要看到它写下来，或者你需要知道上下文。

Number six, we have to aspire and to inspire.

第六对，我们有 aspire 和 inspire。

I like that group of vowels.

我喜欢那组元音。

Ire.

Ire。

Inspire, aspire.

Inspire，aspire。

Nice.

真好。

To aspire is to have a strong desire.

渴望就是有强烈的愿望。

Ooh, lovely vowel sound.

哦，可爱的元音。

To achieve something or to become something.

达成某事或成为某物。

For example, "She aspired to become an Olympic gymnast."

例如，她渴望成为奥林匹克体操运动员。

To inspire is to give someone else the confidence, desire, or enthusiasm to do something well.

激励就是给别人做事的信心，欲望或热情。

An example, "You inspired me to pursue a career in scientific research."

例如，你激励我从事科学研究事业。

Number seven, we have breath and breathe.

第七对，我们有 breath 和 breathe。

So different consonant sound at the end.

结尾的辅音不同。

Breath, breathe.

Breath，breathe。

Same mouth shape, same tongue position, but the second one has voice.

相同的嘴形，相同的舌头位置，但第二个有声音。

So breath is the noun and that describes the air that you take into your lungs and then exhale again.

所以 breath 是名词，它描述的是进入肺部然后再次呼出的空气。

An example, "Your breath smells of garlic."

例如，你的呼吸中有大蒜味。

Not what you want to hear.

不是你想听到的话。

Well, it means youve had the opportunity to eat garlic.

好吧，这意味着可能刚刚吃了大蒜。

I love garlic.

我爱大蒜。

To breathe, on the other hand is a verb.

另一方面，breathe 是动词。

It describes the same thing, to take into your lungs and to breathe it out again.

它描述的是同一件事，把它吸入你的肺部再把它呼出来。

An example, "Dont breathe on me after eating garlic."

例如，吃大蒜后不要对着我呼吸。

Number eight, we have complicated and complex.

第八对，我们有 complicated 和 complex。

In many situations, these can be used interchangeably, but sometimes they cant.

在许多情况下，它们可以互换使用，但有时候不能。

And a good way to think of this is that complicated is the opposite of easy, and complex is the opposite of simple.

记住这一点的一个好方法是，complicated 是容易的反义词，而complex 的反义词是简单的。

An example, "The project is very complicated.

例如，这个项目非常复杂。

Ill try and explain it later."

稍后我将努力进行解释。

Or complex, "The design of the tapestry is very complex."

或者很繁复，挂毯的设计非常繁复。

Its not necessarily difficult to understand, its just not simple.

它不一定很难理解，但是它并不简单。

Number nine, we have presume and assume.

第九对，我们有 presume 和 assume。

So we have presume with the z sound and assume with the s sound.

所以 presume 的中间有 z 的发音，而 assume 的中间是 s 的发音。

Z has voice, ss has no voice.

Z 有声音，s 没有声音。

So these are synonyms.

所以这些是同义词。

Both imply to take something for granted without fully understanding.

两者都暗示着没有完全理解就认为某事是理所当然的。

Both mean to take something as true.

两者都意味着认为某事是真实的。

But one implies more confidence.

但是有一个的信心更足一些。

So with presume you are making an informed guess based on some sort of evidence.

因此，presume 表示你根据一些证据做出明智的猜测。

An example, "I presume that her jewellery is expensive.

例如，我认为她的珠宝很昂贵。

Okay, I. . . based on my evidence, I mightve seen some before, Im presuming its expensive.

好的，我......基于我的证据，我可能以前看过，我认为这很贵。

I dont know for sure, but I have a good idea.

我不确定，但是我有个清楚的概念。

To assume implies less confidence, it means its based on little or no evidence.

Assume 意味着信心不足，这意味着它几乎没有证据支撑。

"I cant believe youre here.

我不敢相信你在这里。

I assumed you wouldnt come."

我以为你不会来。

I had no evidence for that, I just assumed it.

我没有证据，我就是那么认为的。

I just supposed it.

我只是假设而已。

Now, a way that you can remember this is to say that to assume is to make an ass out of you and me.

有一个方法可以记住这个词，那就是说 assume 就是要用你和我做个笨蛋。

Ass-u-me, assume.

Ass-u-me，assume。

I really like that one.

我真的很喜欢那个记法。

And number 10, we have lonely and alone.

第10对，我们有 lonely 和 alone。

Lonely and alone, they sound very similar, but they have very different meanings.

寂寞的和独自一人，它们读音很相似，但是它们的意思差别很大。

Both are adjectives.

两个都是形容词。

Alone means without any other people.

独自一人意味着没有任何其他人。

If youre alone, no one else is there.

如果你独自一人，那么没有其他人在那里。

If you are lonely, you are unhappy because no one else is there.

如果你感到寂寞，那么你感到不开心，因为那里没有其他人。

So alone has no emotion attached to it, but lonely does.

因此，独自一人没有情感色彩，但是寂寞有。

An example, When I lived alone, I felt very lonely."

举个例子，当我一个人住的时候，我感到很寂寞。

Or, "Im alone, but Im not lonely."

或者，我独自一人，但我并不寂寞。

Right. That is it for todays lesson.

好的。今天的课程就是这样。

I really hope you enjoyed it and that you learned something.

我真的希望你喜欢它，并且你学到了一些东西。

If you want to complete the quiz, then sign up for my mailing list and the PDF will be sent straight to your inbox.

如果你想完成测验，请注册我的邮件列表，PDF 会直接发送到你的收件箱。

Dont forget to check out Skillshare.

不要忘了查看 Skillshare。

The first 1000 of my students to click on the link in the description box will get a free trial of premium Skillshare membership, and you can connect with me on all of my social media.

我的前1000名点击描述栏中的链接的学生将获得免费试用高级 Skillshare 会员的资格，而且你可以在我所有的社交网站上与我联系。

Ive got my Facebook, my Instagram, my website, and my mailing list.

我有脸书、INS、网站和邮件列表。

I will see you soon for another lesson. Muah.

我们下节课再见。么么哒。