将来完成时

用将来完成时来表达将来某一时刻将要发生的事情。

这种时态常与下列时间短语连用:

... by Monday, Tuesday, 等等

... by the time ...

... by five oclock, two-thirty, 等等.

基本结构

肯定的

Subject + will + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ will + have +过去分词+宾语(s) +时间

They will have finished the report by tomorrow afternoon.

否定的

Subject + will not (wont) + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ will not (wont) + have +过去分词+宾语(s) +时间表达式

Mary wont have answered all the questions by the end of this hour.

问题

(Question Word) + will + subject + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

(疑问词)+ will +主语+ have +过去分词+宾语(s) +时间表达

What will you have done by the end of this month?

将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时用来表示一个动作到将来某个时间点的持续时间。这种时态在英语中不常用。

这种时态常与下列时间短语连用:

... by / ... by the time ...

基本结构

肯定的

Subject + will + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ will + have + been +动词+ ing +宾语(s) +时间表达

We will have been studying for two hours by the time he arrives.

否定的

Subject + will not (wont) + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ will not (wont) + have + been +动词+ ing +宾语(s) + time Expression

He wont have been working long by two oclock.

问答

(Question Word) + will + subject + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

(疑问词)+ will +主语+ have + been +动词+ ing +宾语(s) +时间表达

How long will you have been working on that project by the time he arrives?

过去完成进行

过去完成进行时用来描述一项活动在其他事情发生之前已经进行了多长时间。

这种时态常与下列时间短语连用:

... for X hours, days, months, 等等

... since Monday, Tuesday, 等等

基本结构

肯定的

Subject + had + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ had + been +动词+ ing +宾语(s) +时间表达

She had been waiting for two hours when he finally arrived.

否定的

Subject + had not (hadnt) + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ had not (hadnt) + been +动词+ ing +宾语(s) + time

They hadnt been working long when the boss asked them to change their focus.

问答

(Question Word) + had + subject + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

(疑问词)+ had +主语+ been +动词+ ing +宾语(s) +时间表达

How long had Tom been working on that project when they decided to give it to Pete?

过去完成时

过去完成时用来表达某事发生在另一个时间点之前。它经常被用来提供上下文或解释。

这种时态常与下列时间短语连用:

... before

already

once, twice, three times,等等

... by the time

基本结构

肯定的

Subject + had + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ had +过去分词+宾语(s) +时间

She had already eaten by the time the children came home.

否定的

Subject + had not (hadnt) + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主语+ had not (hadnt) +过去分词+宾语(s) +时间

They hadnt finished their homework before the teacher asked them to hand it in.

问答

(Question Word) + had + subject + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

(疑问词)+ had +主语+过去分词+宾语(s) +时间

Where had you gone before the class began?