专栏中考英语备考三年纵深作者：英语帮帮9.9币81人已购查看

一、元音字母的不自然拼读

英语有二十六个字母，五个纯元音字母（AEIOU），20个纯辅音字母，一个半元音字母（Y）。一般来讲元音字母在单词中读元音，辅音字母在单词中读辅音，理论上每个元音字母要有四种读音才能满足20个元音音素的读音需要。我们把元音字母的四种读音分别称为：重开音、重闭音、非重音、协同音。元音字母在音节中的读音一般规则可以归纳为下：

重开音是指元音字母在重读开音节的读音，元音字母在重读开音节中一般读字母本身的音或长音。重闭音是指元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音。非重音指的是元音字母在非重读音节的读音，元音字母在非重读音节一般有[ ə ]与 [i]两种读音。协同音是指元音字母在单词中的读音受到前面或后字母影响的读音。

二、元音字母在音节中的读音归纳

1. 字母Ａ读重开音

1）字母Ａ在重读开音节中读字母音[ei ]：

name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [ireisə] cake [keik] same [seim]table [teibl] late [leit] favourite [feivərit] face [feis] plane [plein] potato [pəteitəu] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [steiʃən] tomato[təmeitəu] safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keidʒ] baby [beibi] paper [peipə] famous [feiməs] later [leitə] radio [reidiəu] patient [peiʃənt]

2）字母Ａ在重读开音节中读长音[a:]:

banana [bənɑ:nə] father [fɑ:ðə] rather [rɑ:ðə]

2.字母Ａ读重闭音

字母Ａ在重读闭音节中读[æ] ：

map [mæp] bag [bæg] apple [æpl] glad [glæd] hat [hæt] black [blæk] catch [kætʃ] hamburger [hæmbə:gə] math [mæθ] rabbit [ræbit] bank [bæŋk] accident [æksidənt] happen [hæpən] exam [igzæm] cabbage [kæbidʒ] fact [fækt]

3.字母Ａ读非重音

1）字母Ａ在非重读音节读[ə]：

American [əmerikən] China [tʃaɪnə] capital [kæpitəl] husband [hʌzbənd] hospital [hɔspitəl] vegetable [vedʒitəbl] laboratory [ləbɔrətəri] library [laibrəri] about [əbaut] agree [əgri:]

2) 字母Ａ在非重读音节读[i]：

orange [ɔ:rindʒ] language [læŋgwidʒ] manager [mænidʒə] village [vilidʒ] temperature [tempritʃə] message [mesidʒ] cabbage [kæbidʒ] chocolate [tʃɔkəlit]

４.字母Ａ读协同音

１）字母A在W后读[ɔ]或[ɔ:] ：

washroom [wɔʃrum] watch [wɔtʃ] water [wɔ:tə] wash [wɔʃ] was [wɔz] Washington [wɔʃiŋtən]

２）字母A在S/ n前读[a:]：

class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket [bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s] France [frɑ:ns] dance [dɑ:ns] fast [fɑ:st] last [lɑ:st] grass [grɑ:s] headmaster [hedmɑ:stə]

３）字母A在L前读[ɔ:]：

ball [bɔ:l] wall [wɔ:l] small [smɔ:l] tall [tɔ:l] all [ɔ:l] talk [tɔ:k] call [kɔ:l] walk [wɔ:k] already [ɔ:lredi] although [ɔ:lðəu] hall[hɔ:l] salt [sɔ:lt] false[fɔ:ls] almost[ˈɔ:lməʊst] also [ˈɔ:lsəʊ]

５.字母A读音不规则音：

have [hæv] family [fæmili] many [meni] any [eni] animal [æniməl] madam [mædəm] manager [mænidʒə]

元音字母Ｅ在音节中的读音

1. 字母Ｅ读重开音

１）字母Ｅ在重读开音节读字母音[i:]：

these [ði:z] we [wi:] evening [i:vniŋ] be [bi:] even [i:vən] Chinese[tʃaini:z] Japanese[,dʒæpəni:z] she [ʃi:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre [mi:tə]

2）字母E在重读开音节读[e]：

very [veri] America [əmerikən] vegetable [vedʒitəbl] medicine [medisin] melon [melən] second [sekənd] never [nevə] together [təgeðə] celebrate [selibreit] elephant [elifənt]

２. 字母Ｅ读重闭音

字母E在重读闭音节读[e]：

ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome [welkəm] let [let] address [ədres] dress [dres] next [nekst] leg [leg] empty [empti] rest [rest] letter [letə] better[betə] left [left] tell [tel] remember [rimembə] invent [invent] December [disembə] wet [wet] message [mesidʒ]

3.字母Ｅ读非重音

１）字母Ｅ在非重读音节读[i]:

college [kɔlidʒ] toilet [tɔilit] chicken [tʃikin] harvest [hɑ:vist] forest [fɔrist] pocket [pɔkit]racket [rækit] wallet [wɔlit] knowledge [nɔlidʒ]

2) 字母Ｅ在非重读音节读[ə]:

science [saiəns] hello [hələʊ] open [əupən] listen [lisən] seven [sevən] different [difərənt] even [i:vən]

4.字母Ｅ读协同音

字母E在ri/ro前读[iə]：

zero [ziərəu] serious [siəriəs] period [pɪərɪəd] experience [ɪkspɪərɪəns] series [sɪəriːz]

元音字母Ｉ在音节中的读音

1.字母I读重开音

1）字母I在重读开音节中读字母音 [ai] ：

hi [hai] nine [nain] Chinese[tʃaini:z] fine [fain] wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bisaid] knife [naif] rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik] exciting [iksaitiŋ] lion [laiən] tiger [taigə] quite [kwait] diary [daiəri] science [saiəns] invite [invait]

2）字母I重读开音节中读长音[i:]：

police [pəli:s] machine [məʃi:n] policeman [pəli:smən] magazine [,mægəzi:n]

2.字母Ｉ读重闭音

字母I在重读闭音节中读[i] ：

six [siks] think [θiŋk] picture [piktʃə] twin [twin] with [wið] drink [driŋk] chips [tʃip] swim [swim] sing [siŋ] dinner [dinə] dish [diʃ] trip [trip] winter [wintə] pick [pik] lift [lift] village [vilidʒ]

３.字母Ｉ读非重音

１）字母Ｉ在非重读音节中读[i]:

family [fæmili] tennis [tenis] favorite [feivərit] America [əmerikə] capital [kæpitəl] office [ɔfis] important [impɔ:tənt] animal [æniməl]

2）字母Ｉ在非重读音节中读[ə]:

pencil [pensəl] cousin [kʌzən] festival [festəvəl] holiday [ˈhɒlədeɪ]

4.字母Ｉ读协同音

字母I在gh前读[ai] ：

right [rait] light [lait] bright [brait] flight [flait]

５.字母I读音不规则音：

river [rivə] give [giv] city [siti] visit [vizit] finish [finiʃ] cinema [sinimə]digital [didʒitəl] after [ɑ:ftə]

元音字母O在音节中的读音

１.字母Ｏ读重开音

1）字母O在重读开音节中读字母音[əu] ：

no [nəu] hello [hələu] home [həum] those [ðəuz] over [əuvə] phone [fəun] open [əupən] so [səu] nose [nəuz] broken [brəukən] close [kləuz] smoke [sməuk] October [ɔktəubə] hope [həup] ago [əgəu] notice [nəutis]

2）字母O在重读开音节中读长音[u:] ：

who [hu:] do[du:] improve [ɪmpruːv] move [mu:v] lose [lu:z]

２.字母Ｏ读重闭音

字母O在重读闭音节中读[ɔ] ：

not [nɔt] clock [klɔk] doctor [dɔktə] lock [lɔk] from [frɔm] shop [ʃɔp] hot [hɔt] hospital [hɔspitl] job [dʒɔb] hobby [hɔbi] problem [prɔbləm] dollar[dɔlə] college [kɔlidʒ] dolphin [dɔlfin] soccer [sɔkə] rock [rɔk] concert [kɔnsət] song [sɔŋ] pocket [pɔkit] lost [lɔst]

３.字母Ｏ读非重音

字母Ｉ在非重读音节中读[ə]:

together[təˈgeðə] today [tədei] welcome [welkəm] police [pəli:s] carrot [kærət] history [histəri] lesson [lesən] lion [laiən]

４.字母Ｏ读协同音

字母O在th/ ve/ n/m前读[ʌ] ：

mother [mʌðə] brother [brʌðə] love [lʌv] some [sʌm] money [mʌni] glove [glʌv] other [ʌðə] Monday [mʌndei] another[ənʌðə] nothing [nʌθiŋ] monkey [mʌŋki] front [frʌnt] month [mʌnθ]

５.字母O读不规则音：

colour [kʌlə] body [bɔdi] woman [wumən] popular [pɔpjulə] post [pəust] most[məust] both [bəuθ]

字母U在音节中的读音

１.字母Ｕ读重开音

1）字母U在重读开音节中读字母音[j u:] ：

computer[kəmpju:tə] excuse [ikskju:z] student [stju:dənt] use [ju:z] music [mju:zik] usually [ju:ʒuəli] refuse [rifju:z] human [hju:mən] produce [prədju:s] scuba [skju:bə] pupil [pju:pl] universe [ju:nivə:s] huge [hju:dʒ] duty [dju:ti]

2）字母U在重读开音节中读长音[u:] ：

ruler [ru:lə] true [tru:] July [dʒu:lai] June [dʒu:n] pollute [pəlu:t] rule [ru:l]

２.字母U读重闭音

字母Ｕ在重读闭音节中读[ʌ] ：

number [nʌmbə] cup [kʌp] bus [bʌs] much [mʌtʃ] us [ʌs] husband [hʌzbənd] uncle [ʌŋkl] must [mʌst] lunch [lʌntʃ] hundred [hʌndrəd] hungry [hʌŋgri] jump [dʒʌmp] run [rʌn] fun

３.字母Ｕ读非重音

1)字母Ｕ在非重读音节中读[ə]:

upon [əpɔn] stadium[steidiəm] minus[mainəs] success [səkses]Augest [ˈɔ:gəst] autumn[ˈɔ:təm] support[səˈpɔ:t]supply [səˈplaɪ] suppose [səˈpəʊz] success [səkˈses]

2)字母Ｕ在非重读音节中读[i]:

minute [minit]

４.字母Ｕ读协同音

字母 U在q/g后读[w] ：

question [kwestʃən] quickly [kwikli] language [læŋgwidʒ] quiet [kwaiət] quarrel [kwɔrəl] penguin [peŋgwin]

５.字母U读不规则音：

study [stʌdi] busy [bizi] business [biznis]put [put] full [ful] push [puʃ] pull [pul]

三、辅字母的不自然拼读

英语纯辅音字母有20个，字母Y位于音节音首为辅音，辅音音素28个，相对于元音字母辅音字母的读音比较对称。大多数辅音字母在单词中读字母音的节首音或韵尾音，少数辅音字母对应多个读音，也有个别辅音字母不发音。辅音字母在单词中的读音如下表：

四、在音节中有多种读音的辅音字母读音归纳

１.字母Ｃ的读音规则

1）字母C在E、I、Y读[s] ：

nice [nais] certainly [sə:tənli] rice [rais] price [prais] cent [sent] century [sentʃuri] celebrate [selibreit] concert [kɔnsət] necessary [ˈnesəsəri] recently [ˈri:sntli]success [səkˈses] city [siti] medicine [medisin] exciting [iksaitiŋ] cinema [sinimə] decide [disaid]circle [sə:kl]cycle [ˈsaɪkl] exercise [eksəsaɪz]

2）. 字母C在ie、io、ia前读[ʃ]：

delicious [diliʃəs] especially [ispeʃəli] appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieɪt] precious [ˈpreʃəs] social[ˈsəʊʃl] associate [əˈsəʊʃieɪt] ocean [ˈəʊʃn] official[əˈfɪʃl] ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] special [speʃəl]

2.字母N的读音

字母N在K或G前读[ŋ]：

think [θiŋk] thanks [θæŋks] thing [θiŋ] long [lɔŋ] strong [strɔŋ] singer [siŋə] song [sɔŋ] ring [riŋ] finger [fiŋgə] sink [siŋk] pink [piŋk]

3.字母S的读音

1）字母S读轻音[s]：

six [siks] plus [plʌs] minus [mainəs] spell [spel] secret [si:krit] desk [desk] bus [bʌs] sorry [sɔri] ] seven [sevn] sister [sistə] same [seim] sit [sit] see [si:] address [ədres] guess [ges] must [mʌst] sky [skai] dress [dres] past [pɑ:st]

2) 字母S读浊音[z]：

is [iz] please [pli:z] blouse [blauz]Chinese[tʃaini:z] his [hiz] excuse [ikskju:z] these [ði:z] husband [hʌzbənd] cousin [kʌzən] cheese [tʃi:z] because [bikɔz] busy [bizi] eraser [ɪˈreɪzə(r)] rise[raiz] rose [rəʊz] easy [ˈi:zi]

3）.字母S在u、 ure、 ia、 iao前读[ʃ]、[ʒ]：

sure [ʃuə] Russian [rʌʃən] sugar [ʃugə] discussion [dɪˈskʌʃn] pleasure [pleʒə] television [teliviʒən] usually [ˈju:ʒuəli] decision [dɪˈsɪʒn]

4.字母T的读音

1）字母T在ia、 ie、 io前读[ʃ]：

station [steiʃən] patient [peiʃənt] question [kwestʃən] mention [menʃən] information invitation [ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn] education [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]direction [dəˈrekʃn]

2）字母T在前ure读[tʃ]：

picture [piktʃə] century [sentʃuri] temperature [tempritʃə] future [fju:tʃə]

5.字母X的读音

1）字母X读清音[ks]：

excuse[ɪkˈskju:s] exchange[ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] except[ɪkˈsept] experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt] explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] expensive[ɪkˈspensɪv] extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri]

2）字母X读浊音[gz]：

exact [ɪgˈzækt] exam[ɪgˈzæm] example [ɪgˈa:mpl] exist [ɪgˈzɪst] exhaust [ɪgˈzɔ:st] executive [ɪgˈzekjətɪv]

6.字母Y的读音

1) 字母Ｙ在节首读[j]：

yes [jes] yellow [jeləu] year [ jiə] young [jʌŋ] your [jɔ:(r)] yard [jɑ:d]

2)字母Ｙ在重读音节核心读[ai]:

my [mai] bye [bai] eye [ai]why [waɪ] buy [bai]by[bai] type [taɪp]

3) 字母Ｙ在非重读音节核心读[i]：

twenty [twenti] very [veri] really [riəli] many [meni] any [eni] library [laibrəri] candy [kændi] healthy [helθi]